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[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Africa | Limes Camp and city in Numidia, situated 25 km south-west of Biskra, modern El-Kasbat. G. was part of the fortification system of the fossatum. A detachment of the legio III Augusta and the ala I Pannoniorum were here at various times. In the 4th cent. the praepositus limitis Gemellensis had its quarters in G. Evidence: Tab. Peut. 5,1; Not. Dign. Occ. 25,24. Inscriptions: CIL VIII 1, 2482; Suppl. 2, 17976-17985; AE 1969-1970, 222 no. 741(?); 1989, 287 no. 883.  Limes Huß, Werner (Bamberg) Bibliography J. Baradez, G., …

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Theatre | Africa | | Coloniae | Limes City in the province of Numidia (Numidae), about 20 km to the east of Lambaesis (It. Ant. 34,1; 35,2; 40,7; Tab. Peut. 3,4), modern Timgad in Algeria. Founded in AD 100 by Munatius [II 4] Gallus as Colonia Marciana Traiana T. (CIL VIII Suppl. 2, 17842f.), probably the last pre-titular colonia [E] in Africa [3]. As the considerable remains show, the city swiftly flourished. Numidae influenced by the Poeni may have taken the cults of Caelestis, Saturn, …

[German version] [1] T. Maius This item can be found on the following maps: Coloniae City in Africa proconsularis (Africa [3]; Plin. HN 5,29; Ptol. 4,3,35; It. Ant. 48,9; Tab. Peut. 5,4), 65 km to the southwest of Carthage in the fertile valley of the Oued Miliane, modern Henchir Kasbat. The original Berber town was considerably Punicized [1. 300-302]; inscriptions [2. 885; 3; 4] and several buildings from the Roman period used by Punic cults are evidence of this process. From the time of Hadrianus a municipium [5. 244, 278], from the time of Commodus a colonia (CIL VIII 1, 848; [5. 26…

[German version] At the latest since Sall. Iug. 18,8 and Verg. G. 3,340, mapalia was the common expression, for the Romans as well, for the straw huts of the Numidians. Some North African areas were also called mapalia: 1) an imperial domain between Hippo [6] Regius and Calama (Aug. Epist. 66); 2) a domain that was probably also imperial in the Bagradas Valley (CIL VIII Suppl. 4, 25902; 3) a dioecesis Mappaliensis as a district within a Numidian diocese (PL 67,198). Huß, Werner (Bamberg) Bibliography H. Dessau, s.v. M., RE 14, 1403 M. M. Magalhães, C. A. Sertá, M., Lo spazio urbano e il nom…

[German version] City in Mauretania Caesariensis, in the vicinity of the limes, c. 30 km east of Altava, modern Chanzy. In the Severan period, a castrum was built in K. for the eq(uites) alae I Aug(ustae) Parthor(um) (CIL VIII 2, 9827f.). Additional inscriptions: CIL VIII 2, 9826; 9829f.; Suppl. 3, 21716-21718; cf. 22616-22618; Libyca 3, 1955, 186. Huß, Werner (Bamberg) Bibliography AAAlg, sheet 32, no. 59 X. Loriot, Faltonius Restitutianus, in: AntAfr 6, 1972, 145f.

[German version] Settlement in Africa proconsularis, in the valley of Oued Siliana near Tichilla and  Thubursicum Bure, modern Bou Djelida. Chief place of the gens Bacchuiana, under Antoninus Pius (AD 138-161), its administration lay in the hands of undecimprimi. Inscriptions: CIL VIII Suppl. 1, 12331-12340a; Suppl. 4, 23922-23930. Huß, Werner (Bamberg) Bibliography AATun 050, sheet 34, no. 74.

[German version] (Κέρκιν(ν)α; Kérkin(n)a). Island, or rather twin islands (Gharbi and Chergui), in the Gulf of Gabès, 20 km from Sfax, modern Kerkenna. Sources: Hdt. 4,195 (Κύραυις); Ps.-Scyl. 110 (GGM 1, 87); Str. 17,3,16; Mela 2,105; Plin. HN 5,41; Ptol. 4,3,35; Agathemerus 21f. (GGM 2, 483); It. Ant. 518,3f.; Stadiasmus Maris Magni 112 (GGM 1, 468). C. was part of the Carthaginian empire and boasted excellent harbours (Diod. Sic. 5,12,4). In historical sources, C. is mentioned in the context of …

(Ψύλλοι/ Psýlloi, Lat. Psylli). [German version] [1] Libyan people, settled on the Great Syrte Libyan tribe, settled on the Great Syrte (Hecat. FGrH 1 F 332). Their neighbours to the east were the Nasamones; to the south, the Garamantes. At the beginning of the 5th cent. BC the P. were forced to abandon their homes as the result of a catastrophic drought. During their search for a new homeland they were continually worn down by battles with other tribes. Their former territory was occupied by the Nasamones (H…

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Caesar | Coloniae | Colonization | Phoenicians, Poeni | Punic Wars (Ἰτύκη/ Itýkē). Town in Africa proconsularis (Africa [3]) at the mouth of the Bagradas, 33 km north-west of Carthage, the modern Henchir Bou Chateur, with important archaeological remains (including mosaics in private dwellings); the oldest Phoenician colony on African soil (Ps.-Aristot. Mir. 134, = 844 a; Vell. Pat. 1,2,3; Mela 1,3,4; Plin. HN 5,76; 16,216; Sil. Pun. 3,241 f.; Just. Epit. 18,4,2; Steph. Byz. s. v. Ἰτύκη/ Itýkē; [1. 35]). The Phoenici…

There were two towns in   Africa Byzacena of that name. [German version] [1] Town near Ksour es-Saf The first is mentioned in Bell. Afr. 67,1; 76,2; 79,1 (Plin. HN 5,30: oppidum liberum), its location to be found most likely near Ksour es-Saf close to the modern Maklouba. Huß, Werner (Bamberg) [German version] [2] Modern Henchir Sidi Amara The second town, the modern Henchir Sidi Amara, was located in the plains of Kairouan, near Ousseltia. In AD 232, this peregrine town became a   municipium (CIL VIII 1, 714) and later a colonia (CIL VIII Suppl. 1, 12145). Huß, Werner (Bamberg) Bibliography AA…

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Christianity Promontory and Punic city near the mouth of the Oued Sebaou (in the later Mauretania Caesariensis), modern Dellys (Bell. Afr. 23,1: Ascurum (?); Plin. HN 5,20: Rusucurium; Ptol. 4,2,8: Ῥουσουκκόραι/ Rhousoukkórai or Ῥουσοκκόρου/ Rhousokkórou; It. Ant. 16,4 and 39,2: R.; 36,3 and 39,1: Rusuccurru; Tab. Peut. 2,2: R.; Mart. Cap. 6,668: R.; Geogr. Rav. 40,43: Rusicuron; 88,13: Rusucurus; 88,15: Rusucurum; Guido, Geographia 132,22: Rusicorus). [1. 380] explains the name with Rš-hqr = 'Cap de la Perdrix…

[German version] City in Mauretania Sitifensis, near Cuicul in Numidia (Tab. Peut. 2,4: Mopti Municipium), modern Mons. Ruins: Capitolium with inscriptions to Septimius Severus and his sons [1. 49-58, table III-V], temple of Saturn [2. 252f.], curia, tombs. Inscriptions: CIL VIII 2, 8655-8688; suppl. 3, 20417-20428. Huß, Werner (Bamberg) Bibliography 1 L. Galand, Mons, M. et Mopti, in: MEFRA 61, 1949, 35-91, pls. I-VI 2 M. Leglay, Saturne africain. Monuments, vol. 2, 1966. AAA, Bl. 16, Nr. 196  W. Kroll, s.v. Mopta, RE 16, 251.

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Theatre City in Africa Proconsularis (Plin. HN 5,29; Ptol. 4,3,29; It. Ant. 43,3; Tab. Peut. 4,5) in the valley of the Bagradas to the southwest of Bulla Regia, modern Chemtou in Tunisia; famous for its marble quarries (Plin. HN 5,22; 35,3; 36,49; Isid. Orig. 16,5,16). After 148 BC Micipsa built at S. a hilltop sanctuary for his father Massinissa, which in the Roman Period was converted to a temple of Saturnus. Archaeology: many finds from the N…

[German version] A Mauritanian tribe ( gens Baquatium) [1. 2851] that probably lived in the east and south of Mauretania Tingitana. Ptol. 4,1, 10, the It. Ant. 2,2f. and the Liber generationis (1,197,65 Mommsen) link it with the tribe of the Macenites or Μακανῖται ( Makanîtai) and Massennae, Iulius Honorius (cosmographia B 47) and the Provinciarum laterculus codicis Veronensis (14,4f.) with the Barbares, i.e. the  Bavares. The Romans allowed the freedom-loving B. their independence and treated them as allies; Inscr. latines d'Afrique 609. Huß, Werner (Bamberg) Bibliography 1 H. D…

[German version] (Μαρμαρική; Marmarikḗ). Region on the north coast of Africa between Egypt and the Cyrenaica. The borders of M. varied over time: during the time of the 30th dynasty (380-342 BC), the region of the Marmaridae stretched from the border of the Libyan district (near Apis) to the west (Ps.-Scyl. 108 [GGM 1,82-84]). According to Ptol. 4,5,2-4, however, the eastern border of the district of M. ( sic!) only began near Pétras Mégas Limḗn (west of Catabathmus Mégas), i.e. at the westernmost point of Egypt. Ptol. (4,4,2; 5f.) puts the western border of M. to the eas…

[German version] (Punic Tynt?; Θένα/ Théna, Latin Thena, Thenae). Originally probably a Punic city (cf. CIS I 3, 4911 and archaeological finds) in Byzacena (Africa [3];  Str. 17,3,12; 17,3,16; Plin.  HN 5,25), 12 km to the south of Taparura (modern Sfax); end of the Fossa [7] Regia built in 146 BC by Cornelius [I 70] Scipio on the Gulf of Gabes (Syrtis;  cf. [1. 435 note 80]); modern Thyna. The port, probably a colonia from the time of Hadrianus, acquired a certain amount of significance from the 2nd cent. AD onwards. From 255 recorded as a bishopric. Huß, Werner (Bamberg) Bibliography 1 Hus…

[German version] (Ξοῦχις; Xoûchis). Northern African city (πόλις Λιβύης), recorded by Artemidorus [3] of Ephesus (fr. 16 = GGM 1,576; 1st cent. BC). If X. can be identified with Ζοῦχις/ Zoûchis (Str. 17,3,18; Steph. Byz. s. v. Ζοῦχις) and Χουζίς/ Chouzís (Ptol. 4,3,41), the town is between the two Syrtes (Syrtis), somewhat inland on a lake which also bore the name X. (probably modern Bahiret el-Biban). Huß, Werner (Bamberg) Bibliography M. Leglay, s. v. Zuchis, RE 10 A, 856 f.  H. Treidler, s. v. X., RE 9 A, 2155 f.

[German version] Town on Syrtis Major (modern Gulf of Sidra in Libya); Tab. Peut. 8,1; Ptol. 4,3,14: Σακάμαζα/ Sakámaza or Σακάζαμα κώμη/ Sakázama kṓmē; Geogr. Rav. 37,33: Zacassama; 89,33: Zacasama; Guido, Geographica 133,25: Zacasama. It may be that Z. can be located on the ruins of Ras Bergavad to the west of Ad Turrem (modern Lubrik). Huß, Werner (Bamberg) Bibliography H. Treidler, s. v. Z., RE 9 A, 2219 f.

[German version] (Ζαμάζιοι/ Zamázioi). Ethnic group which, together with the Salathi and Daphnitae as well as the Aroccae, Cetiani and Nigritae, lived between the Mandron and Sagapola mountains in the interior of Libya (Ptol. 4,6,18), perhaps in the valleys of the central Atlas mountains. Huß, Werner (Bamberg) Bibliography J. Desanges, Catalogue des tribus africaines, 1962, 241 H. Treidler, s. v. Z., RE 9 A, 2309.

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Coloniae (Punic Tbgg). Punicized [1. 258-261] Numidian city in Africa proconsularis (Africa [3.]; Ptol. 4,3,29;  Procop. Aed. 6,5,15), about 100 km west-southwest of Carthage, modern Dougga, with significant ancient remains from the Punic, Numidian and Roman periods (e.g. the Hellenistic-Numidian mausoleum of ṭbn; [3. 157 f.]). In 307 BC, T. was apparently conquered by one of Agathocles' [2] officers (Diod. Sic. 20,57,4: Τῶκαι/ Tôkai). Between 146 and 46 BC, T. was part of the Numidian kingdom (Numid…