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[German version] (Ζωσκάλης /Zōskálēs). Hellenistically influenced king who reigned in Axum and ruled from the territory of the Moschophagi (to the west of Ptolemaïs [6] Theron) to the area of Barbaria: Peripl. m. r. 5; the author of this 1st cent. AD work [1. 6 f.] describes Z. as a contemporary. Huß, Werner (Bamberg) Bibliography 1 L. Casson, The Periplus Maris Erythraei, 1989. F. Gisinger, s. v. Z., RE 10 A, 844-848.

[German version] (Punic M(j)ddm). An ancient Berber locality southwest of Mactaris, the modern Henchir Meded. M. came under strong Punic influence. Some 25 Neo-Punic inscriptions dating from around the 1st cent. BC have been found to date, including votive inscriptions for Baal Hamon, who was replaced by Saturnus from about the 2nd cent. AD. Cf. also CIL VIII Suppl. 4, 23356 ( Mars patrius). Other inscriptions: CIL VIII 1, 608-618; 2, 11772-11778; Suppl. 4, 23357-23394 a; AE 1985, 902 (?). Huß, Werner (Bamberg) Bibliography Some E. Lipiński, s.v. M., DCPP, 292 F. Vattioni, M. e le sue …

[German version] City in Mauretania Caesariensis (Plin. HN 5,21: Succhabar; Ptol. 4,2,25: Ζουχάββαρι/ Zouchábbari; Amm. Marc. 29,5,20: ' municipium Sugabarritanum'; cf. CIL VIII 2, 9607-9641; suppl. 3, 21481-21493) in the valley of Wadi Chéliff, modern Miliana (in Algeria). Punic names in inscriptions (CIL VIII 2, 9618; VIII suppl. 3, 21484) suggest Punic influence. Augustus founded the ' Colonia Iulia Augusta Zucchabar' there (AE 1940, 20). S. protected the route between Caesarea [1] and the interior of Mauretania. Roman Catholic bishops are recorded from AD 411 (PL 11, 1312: ' Epi…

[German version] [1] T. Bure (Punic Tbrbš[ j]?). Punicized Berber town in Africa proconsularis (Africa [3.]; Aug. contra Cresconium 3,43,47; cf. Ptol. 4,3,29; Geogr. Rav 39,31), 8 km to the northwest of Thugga, modern Teboursouk. Evidence of a cult of Baal Hamon ( Interpretatio II. Romana: Frugifer; [1. 506]). A municipium from the time of Septimius [II 7] Severus, from Gallienus a colonia. Inscriptions: CIL VIII 1, 1424-1469; 2, 10618; Suppl. 1, 15254-15360; 4, 25994-26092; [1. 504-508; 2. 1329-1354; 3. 12]. Huß, Werner (Bamberg) Bibliography 1 R. Cagnat et al. (ed.), Ins…

[German version] Town in Africa proconsularis in the valley of Medjerda, modern Slouguia. Initially C. was a simple civitas, but at the latest at the end of the 2nd cent. AD, it was under the administration of undecimprimi (CIL VIII 1, 1327; Suppl. I, 14875) and in the 3rd cent., rose to the status of   municipium . Inscriptions: CIL VIII 1, 1326-1352; VIII 2, 10614; Suppl. I, 14870-14879; BCTH 1932/33, 198f.; AE 1992, 513f. no. 1819. Huß, Werner (Bamberg) Bibliography C. Lepelley, Les cités de l'Afrique romaine 2, 1981, 105.

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: City in Mauretania Sitifensis between Sitifis and Auzia, modern Henchir Bechilga (in Algeria). In the 3rd cent. AD the Mauretanian Limes (VIII C) ran near the city . In Not. Dign. Occ. 25,26 a praepositus limitis Zabensis is mentioned. Destroyed by the Vandals, Z. was rebuilt by Iustinianus [1] I (It. Ant. 30,3; Iulius Honorius, Cosmographia A 48. Inscriptions: CIL VIII 2, 8805 f.; Suppl. 3, 20565). Huß, Werner (Bamberg) Bibliography AAAlg, sheet 25, Nr. 85 C. Courtois, Les Vandales et l'Afrique, 1955 M. Leglay, s. v. Z. …

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Theatre | | Coloniae Name of a promontory and the Punic base built nearby (in the later Roman province Numidia), modern Skikda in Algeria (Mela 1,33: Rusiccade; Plin. HN 5,22: R.; Ptol. 4,3,3: Ῥουσικάδα/ Rhousikáda; Tab. Peut. 3,3: R. colonia; Vibius Sequester, Geographia p. 151: Rusiccade; Iulius Honorius, Cosmographia A 44: Rusiccade oppidum; Geogr. Rav. 39,12: Russicade; 88,22: R.; Guido, Geographia 132,32: Rusicada). [1. 379] explains the name with R( ) š-( h) kd = 'Cap de la Cruche'. Numerous stelae indicate …

[German version] Town in Africa proconsularis; the modern Bou Arada west of El-Fahs; important ruins (inscription CIL VIII Suppl. 1, 12444; 12445; Suppl. 4, 23861-23869 [1. 677-679]; BCTH 1930-1931, 126-128), among them a boundary stone of the   fossa regia (Bulletin Archéologique du Comité des Travaux Historiques 1934/1935, 391). Huß, Werner (Bamberg) Bibliography 1 A. Merlin, Inscr. lat. de la Tunisie, 1944. AATun 050, Bl. 34, no. 99 H. Dessau, s. v. Aradus no. 4, RE 2, 372 C. Lepelley, Les cités de l'Afrique romaine au Bas-Empire 2, 1981, 71 f.

[German version] City in Africa proconsularis, situated to the north of Medjez el-Bab, today Henchir Bedd. A. was a municipium from the time of Caracalla (AD 211-217) (CIL VIII Suppl. 1, 14369; Inscr. latines de la Tunisie 1206). Inscriptions: CIL VIII Suppl. 1, 14369-14376; Inscr. latines d' Afrique 435-439; Inscr. latines de la Tunisie 1206-1213; AE 1973, 193 no. 602. Huß, Werner (Bamberg) Bibliography AATun 050, folio 19, no. 8.

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Theatre | Coloniae | Pilgrimage Probably a Libyan settlement of the later Africa proconsularis, 74 km south-west of Hippo Regius, modern Guelma, strongly influenced by Punic traditions (documentary evidence: KAI 165-169; Inscr. latines de l'Algérie 1, 233; 290). Under Trajan (AD 98-117), it became a   municipium (Inscr. latines de l'Algérie 1, 285), and a   colonia before 283 (Inscr. latines de l'Algérie 1, 247). Imperial domains were located within the territory of C. (CIL VIII 1…

[German version] Township in Africa Proconsularis (Africa [3]) 12 km to the west of Thugga, modern Henchir Douemis. Marius [I 1] settled Gaetulian veterans there [1. 10]; they did not form a colonia but only a conventus of Carthage (CIL VIII Suppl. 4, 26250; 26252; 26276). Under Septimius [II 7] Severus UM was a res publica (CIL VIII Suppl. 4, 26255), in 230 AD a colonia (CIL VIII Suppl. 1, 15447; 15450; Suppl. 4, 26270;  cf. CIL VIII Suppl. 1, 15446-15467; Suppl. 4, 26239-26415; [2. 1370-1372]). U. Minus (Plin. HN 5,29), like UM one of the 15 oppida civium Romanorum in the interior of t…

[German version] City in Africa Proconsularis to the southwest of Neapolis [9] (Σιαγούλ/ Siagoúl: Ptol. 4,3,9; Tab. Peut. 6,1; civitas Siagitana: [1. 793]), modern Ksar el-Zit in eastern Tunisia. In 28 AD sufetes held the leading positions in the city (CIL V 1, 4922) - a sign of a strong Punic tradition. There are records of decuriones for the 2nd and 3rd cents. AD (CIL VIII 1, 964). Inscriptions: CIL VIII 1, 964-967; suppl. 1, 12446-48; 4, 24090; [1. 792, 795]; AE 1933, 66. Huß, Werner (Bamberg) Bibliography 1 A. Merlin (ed.), Inscriptions latines de la Tunisie, 1944. AATun 050, Bl. 37,…

[German version] (Πλυνός/ Plynós, Hdt. 4,168,2 and Lycoph. 149; Ps.-Scyl. 108: Πλῦνοι/ Plŷnoi; Str. 17,3,22: Πλῦνος/ Plŷnos). Port on the coast of northern Africa between  Cyrenaica and the Nile Delta, but although in the Bay of Sollum [1. 225f.], hardly identifiable with modern Sīdī Barrānī [2. 227]. P. was apparently an ancient Greek apoikía . In the 5th century BC the Adyrmachidae lived to the east of P. and the Giligamae to the west (Hdt. 4,168f.). Huß, Werner (Bamberg) Bibliography 1 A. Laronde, Cyrène et la Libye hellénistique, 1987 2 F. Chamoux, Cyrène sous la monarchie des…

[German version] Region in central  Africa, probably north of Lake Chad. According to  Marinus of Tyre (Ptol. 1,8,5),  Iulius Maternus together with the king of the  Garamantes set off from  Garama to the south and, after four months and 14 days (Ptol. 1,11,5), reached the Ethiopian land of A., where they saw a great number of rhinoceros (cf. also Ptol. 1,7,2; 8,2; 6 f.; 9,8; 10,1; 11,4; 12,2; 4,8,5; 7,5,2). Maternus seems to have travelled as a trader between AD 83 and 92. To our knowledge, he penetrated further than any other Roman into the African interior. Huß, Werner (Bamberg) Bibliograp…

There are references to four north African places of that name: [German version] [1] A. (without addition) A. (without addition): mentioned in Acta conc. I 1112 A Hardouin and Not. episc. proc. Afr. 2a. Huß, Werner (Bamberg) [German version] [2] A. Cella A. Cella: CIL VIII 1, 893; Suppl. 1, 12344. Huß, Werner (Bamberg) [German version] [3] A. Germaniciana A. Germaniciana: Acta conc. I 164 A; 1252 A Hardouin. Huß, Werner (Bamberg) [German version] [4] A. Maius A. Maius: AE 1975, 243 no. 872; Acta conc. I 1085 B Hardouin. These four places can possibly be reduced to just two: A. Cella or Maius and A.…

[German version] (Αἰγίμουρος; Aigímouros). Island west of Cape Bon, c. 30 miles (Liv. 30,24,9) or 230 stades from  Carthage (It. Ant. 492,13; 515,1), modern Ile Zembra (Liv. 29,27,14; Str. 2,5,9; 6,2,11; 17,3,16; Ptol. 4,3,44: Αἰγίμιος / Aigímios; Steph. Byz.: Αἰγίμορος; Aigímoros). Plin. HN 5,42 had knowledge of duae Aegimoeroe (Ile Zembra and Ile Zembretta). Verg. Aen. 1,109 and Plin. HN 5,42 referred to both islands as arae [1. 250 annotation 270]. In this context, see also the remark by Serv. Aen. 1,108: saxa haec..., in quibus aiunt Poenorum sacerdotes rem divinam facere solitos.…

[German version] The name of the northern part of the province Africa proconsularis (Africa 3., with map) before Diocletianus and, later, of Diocletianus' province Africa proconsularis (Diocletianus, with map); it derives from a native name (cf. mons Ziguensis, pagus Zeugius; Plin. HN 5,23; Mart. Cap. 6,669; Isid. Orig. 14,5,8; cf. Solin. 26,2; 27,1). The border ran from Tacatua (Takouch on Tunisia's north coast) southwards to the area south of Theveste and from there north-eastwards via Ammaedara, Althiburus and Abthugni to the region near Pupput (on Tunisia's east coast). Huß, We…

[German version] (Ζυγαντίς/ Zygantís). City in Libya (Hecat. FGrH 1 F 337: πόλις Λιβύης/ pólis Libýēs). The Ζύγαντες ( Zýgantes) in Steph. Byz. s. v. Ζυγαντίς might be identical with the Γύζαντες ( Gýzantes) in Hdt. 4,194, since the same story about collecting honey is told about both. The Zygantes possibly lived on the Tunesian mainland across from the island of Cercina along with other tribes. Huß, Werner (Bamberg) Bibliography J. Desanges, Catalogue des tribus africaines, 1962, 97 f. K. Ziegler, s. v. Z., RE 10 A, 859 f.

[German version] City in Africa proconsularis (Africa [3]) 3 km north of Bir Bou Rekba, modern Souk el-Abiod (It. Ant. 52,4; 56,6; 58,3: Pupput or Putput of MS P; Tab. Peut. 6,2: P.; Geogr. Rav. 88,43: Pulpud; Guido, Geographia 132,64: Pulpite). The town, presumably marked by Punic influence, was a colonia from Commodus (AD 176-192) on (CIL VIII Suppl. 4, 24092 f.: Pupput; 24095: colonia Puppit(anorum)). P. was the hometown of the jurist P. Salvius Iulianus [1] (CIL VIII Suppl. 4, 24094). An episcopus Puppitanus is recorded for AD 484 (CIL VIII Suppl. 4, 24091). Further inscri…

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Coloniae (Θύσδρος/ Thýsdros, Lat. Thisdra). City in Byzacena (Africa [3]; Bell. Afr. 36,2; 76,1; 86,3; 93,1; Plin. HN 5,30; Ptol. 4,3,39; Hdn. 7,6,1), 60 km to the south of Hadrumetum, modern El Djem, with significant ancient remains (e.g. an amphitheatre). In the middle of the 1st cent. BC an insignificant market town (Bell. Afr. 97,4), in which Caesar or Augustus evidently settled veterans ( Colonia Iulia T. [1. 183]). In the 2nd cent. AD T. experienced economic growth, primarily as a result of an incre…