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LICA (La Ligue Internationale contre l'Antisémitisme Allemand)
(448 words)
LICA was the acronym of La Ligue Internationale contre l’Antisémitisme Allemand Formée par Toutes les Oeuvres et Institutions Juives en Egypte. It was founded in April 1933 under the name of La Ligue Contre l’Antisémitisme Allemand Formée par Toutes les Oeuvres et Institutions Juives en Egypte in conjunction with mass protests organized by the B'nai B'rith lodges in Cairo and Alexandria to counter increasing Nazi activity and propaganda in Egypt. The league was headed by a committee of important Jewish public figures. One of the founders was Léon Castro, a lawyer, journalist, and Wafd P…
Duwayk, Shaul
(15 words)
see Duwayk (Dweck, Dwek, Duek, Douek, Doweck, Dowek) Family Norman A. Stillman
Al-Andalus
(10,143 words)
Al-Andalus was the Arabic name throughout the Middle Ages for the Iberian Peninsula, including what is today both Spain and Portugal, although with the progress of the Reconquista, the name al-Andalus came to be limited to Muslim-ruled territory, which eventually was only the Nasrid kingdom of Granada. The name al-Andalus (Ar. al-Andalīsh) has been connected to the Vandals, who had given the name Vandalacia to the former Roman province of Baetica. Arabic-speaking Jews used the term, and Moses Maimonides, even years after he had immigrated to Egypt, wo…
Qalʿat Banī Ḥammād
(515 words)
Qalʿat Banī Ḥammād (also known as Qalʿat Ḥammād and Qalʿat Abī Ṭawīl) was the capital of the Hammadid dynasty in the Central Maghreb (today Algeria) during the eleventh and twelfth centuries. The fortified town, which today lies in ruins, sits in the Maadid Mountains and dominates the Hodna Plain 500 meters (1,640 feet) below. The site was chosen by Ḥammād ibn Buluggīn in 1008 as his stronghold when he broke from the authority of his nephew, the Zirid ruler in Qayrawan, Bādīs ibn al-Manṣūr (r. 996–1016). At first, the population of the town was mainly made up of Ḥammād’s fel…
Alexandria
(2,461 words)
1. Medieval Alexandria (Ar. al-Iskandariyya), on the southern shore of the Mediterranean Sea and the western edge of the Nile Delta, is the principal port city of Egypt and was the capital until the Arab conquest, when it was replaced by Fustat. There was a substantial Jewish community in the city from the third century B.C.E. (According to Josephus, Jews already settled there at the time of Alexander's founding of the city.) Alexandria became the principal center of Hellenistic Jewish culture in Antiquity. It was there that the Bible was translated into Greek (the…
Ratti-Menton, Benoît Ulysse-Laurent-François, Count de
(13 words)
see Damascus Affair (1840) Norman A. Stillman
Onomastics
(18 words)
see Names and Naming Practices - Kurdistan Names and Naming Practices - Yemen Norman A. Stillman
Heqdesh (Qodesh, Waqf, Ḥabs)
(990 words)
Charity and social welfare have since ancient times been an integral part of the Jewish communal ethos. Already in biblical times, funds and property could be consecrated to the needs of the Temple (Bet ha-Miqdash) in Jerusalem (e.g., see II Kings 12:5–17; Mishna Temura 7:2, Sheqalim 4:7). The term for dedicated property was
heqdesh (consecrated). The Talmud forbade the dedication of
heqdeshproperty in the biblical sense following the destruction of the Temple, since the misappropriation of such property would have constituted sacrilege (Heb.
meʿila). But in the Middle Ages bo…