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Your search for 'dc_creator:( "Jörg Oberste" ) OR dc_contributor:( "Jörg Oberste" )' returned 18 results. Modify search
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Business and Administration Texts
(588 words)
"Business texts" (Geschäftsschriftgut), sometimes used as an umbrella term (e.g. by A. von Brandt) and sometimes as a complementary term (e.g. by H. Patze), are differentiated from diplomatic document…
Date:
2016-08-09
Legal/Administrative Texts
(364 words)
The employment of literacy and the development of an ordered world of writing in the legal and administrative realm in the Middle Ages is an inheritance from the Greco-Roman world (→the Christianizati…
Date:
2016-08-09
The Concept of Usury Prior to Scholasticism
(796 words)
The central building blocks for the formulation of the Church's basic stance toward economic questions were meanwhile subsumed under the varieties and definitions of usury (
usura). The early medieval prohibition of usury and …
Date:
2016-08-09
Trade
(929 words)
Medieval trade was in many respects a continuation of the economic practices of the Roman Empire. In spite of the Arab expansion, the primary economic zone of the Latin West still lay in the Mediterra…
Date:
2016-08-09
Economic Ethics – Patristic Foundations
(984 words)
Augustine's sermon on Luke 16:9 (
Sermo 113) constitutes a fundamental text of patristic social and economic ethics. Augustine's commentary portrays the possession and acquisition of earthly goods as a negl…
Date:
2016-10-18
Trade in the Regions of Europe
(5,642 words)
Trade in the Frankish Realm The intensity and the organization of trade in the centuries that followed the collapse of the Roman Empire are the subject of a long scholarly debate that has predominantly rev…
Date:
2016-08-09
The Canonistic Debates of the 12th to 13th Centuries
(984 words)
Early medieval legislation in respect of usury already tended in the direction of stricter criminalization of commercial practices and gains, and this development reached its apogee with Gratian's
Decretum (→canon law), at a tim…
Date:
2016-10-18
Formularies
(336 words)
In chancelleries and other facilities concerned with the authoring of official documents, collections of model documents were used, often consisting of copies of genuine documents. These served as edi…
Date:
2016-08-09
Official Documents
(1,131 words)
As written witnesses to matters of a legal nature, official documents constitute both a principal historical source and a profound cultural phenomenon of the Middle Ages. In principle, an official doc…
Date:
2016-08-09
Economic Life
(472 words)
Until the advent of industrialization, economic activities were primarily restricted to agrarian production. In addition to decisive turning points such as the emergence and subsequent crisis of manor…
Date:
2016-08-09
Central European Regions
(3,992 words)
At the time of its greatest expansion and internal consolidation in Europe, the Carolingian Empire (→Carolingians) occupied a central area of dominion in both political and geographical terms. In the …
Date:
2016-08-09
Scholastic Economics after Thomas Aquinas
(1,366 words)
It appears to be one of the paradoxes of medieval history that the order of Francis of Assisi, of all groups, also made innovative contributions toward the justification of commercial activities and t…
Date:
2016-10-18
Thomas Aquinas' Theory of the Just Price
(1,021 words)
More space must be allowed the theory of the just price according to Thomas Aquinas and his school, in view of its significance both for discussions at the time and for modern scholarship. The general…
Date:
2016-08-09
Economic Theories of Scholasticism
(577 words)
In accordance with their systematic character, the summary commentaries of those 13th- and 14th-century theologians in particular who had connections with Paris (→Scholasticism) took up the initiative…
Date:
2016-08-09
Economic Ethics and Economic Theory
(558 words)
In the Middle Ages, as in antiquity, the concept of
oeconomia was related to the order and administration of the household, and thus to an elementary form of social life. It is indicative that neither a general…
Date:
2016-08-09
Economy
(989 words)
The theory and practice of economics in the Middle Ages developed on the foundation of and in reaction to understandings owed to classical antiquity. Until the Late Middle Ages, economic doctrine was influenced by the idea of the
oikos ("…
Date:
2016-08-09
Trade Organization and Mercantile Law
(815 words)
In the centuries that followed upon the collapse of the Western Roman Empire, the highly sophisticated organization of trade that had existed in ancient times gradually disintegrated. While Byzantium …
Date:
2016-08-09
Merchants, Bankers, and Entrepreneurs
(2,176 words)
The Early Middle Ages The term "commercial revolution" (R. Lopez) has become established for the time between the mid-11th and 13th centuries, since in this period the economic, social, and political coor…
Date:
2016-08-09
